Abstract Objective To evaluate whether visualization of humor movies during hemodialysis sessions improves subjective well-being and sense of humor, while decreasing stress / anxiety and depression levels, in hemodialysis patients. Material and Method A pre-test / post-test design study with a non-equivalent control group was carried out in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis, in two hemodialysis units of Diaverum Clinics. The study included 34 patients in the intervention group and 33 patients in the control group. The intervention consisted in the visualization of humor movies during hemodialysis sessions for ten sessions over a four-week period. The control group watched neutral movies. Data were collected using a sociodemographic and health information questionnaire (age, gender, nationality, education, occupation, marital status, dialysis session length, presence of hypertension and diabetes); the Subjective Happiness Scale; the satisfaction with life in general; the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21, and the Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale. Student t-tests and t-tests for paired samples were performed. The response to change was evaluated using: the percentage of change, ceiling effect and floor effect, effect size, and the standardized response mean. Results The levels of subjective happiness and sense of humor increased in the intervention group, but there were no significant increases in satisfaction with life in general. Only depression levels decreased significantly in the intervention group. Conclusions The visualization of humor movies as a nursing intervention improved the levels of subjective happiness and sense of humor, while decreasing the perception of depressive symptoms.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar si la visualización de películas de humor durante las sesiones de hemodiálisis mejora el bienestar subjetivo y el sentido del humor, al tiempo que disminuye los niveles de estrés / ansiedad y depresión, en pacientes con hemodiálisis. Material y Método Se realizó un estudio pre-post intervención con un grupo de control no equivalente, en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis, en dos unidades de hemodiálisis de Diaverum Clinics. El estudio incluyó a 34 pacientes en el grupo de intervención y 33 pacientes en el grupo de control. La intervención consistió en la visualización de películas de humor durante diez sesiones de hemodiálisis en un período de cuatro semanas. El grupo control vio películas neutrales. Los datos se recogieron mediante un cuestionario de información sociodemográfica y de salud (edad, sexo, nacionalidad, educación, ocupación, estado civil, duración de la sesión de diálisis, presencia de hipertensión y diabetes); la escala subjetiva de felicidad; la escala de satisfacción general con la vida; la escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21) y la escala multidimensional de sentido del humor. Se emplearon pruebas t-Student y pruebas t para muestras pareadas. La respuesta al cambio se evaluó utilizando: el porcentaje de cambio, el efecto pico y el efecto base, el tamaño del efecto y la media de respuesta estandarizada. Resultados Los niveles de felicidad subjetiva y de sentido del humor aumentaron en el grupo de intervención, pero no hubo aumento significativo en la satisfacción general con la vida. Solo los niveles de depresión disminuyeron significativamente en el grupo de intervención. Conclusiones La visión de las películas de humor como una intervención de enfermería mejoró los niveles de felicidad subjetiva y de sentido del humor, al tiempo que disminuyó la percepción de los síntomas depresivos.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the relationship between satisfaction with life in general, sense of humor, and anxiety, depression and stress with subjective happiness in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional and correlational study was developed in two units of the Diaverum dialysis clinic and one hospital unit, with 183 chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. An instrument was used to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical profile of the sample (age, gender, nationality, education, occupation, marital status, dialysis sessions length, presence of hypertension and diabetes): the subjective happiness scale; the satisfaction with life in general; depression, anxiety and stress scale 21; and multidimensional sense of humor scale. Inferential procedures included Spearman correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression adjusting to age, marital status, professional activity and diabetes. Results: Subjective Happiness was positively correlated with satisfaction with life in general, and the three dimensions of Sense of Humor. Nevertheless, subjective happiness was negatively correlated with stress / anxiety and depression. Satisfaction with life in general, humor production and social use of humor, and attitude towards humor had a positive relationship with subjective happiness. However, depression had a negative relationship with subjective happiness. Conclusions: Higher levels of subjective happiness were associated with higher levels of satisfaction with life in general, and sense of humor, however they were also associated with lower levels of depression in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Identificar las ganancias sensibles a los cuidados de enfermería de rehabilitación con un programa de optimización de la deglución en una persona con deglución comprometida. Metodología: Estudio de enfoque cualitativo, tipo estudio de caso. Se centra en la aplicación del Proceso de Enfermería, respetando el lenguaje CIPE®, y recurre al “Pátron Documental de los Cuidados Especializados de la Especialidad de Enfermería de Rehabilitación” para la fundamentación de las intervenciones implementadas. Se expone el caso de una persona con deglución comprometida, de etiología neurológica, admitida en una Unidad de un Centro Hospitalario, siendo asegurados los principios éticos en su abordaje. Resultados: No se evidenciaron complicaciones en la implementación del programa y se observó la recuperación completa de la función deglución, después de diez sesiones de entrenamiento. Conclusiones: La sistematización de los cuidados de enfermería de rehabilitación resultó eficaz para revertir la alteración observada y permitió incrementar la autonomía de la persona.

RESUMO Objetivos: Identificar os ganhos sensíveis aos cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação com um programa de optimização da deglutição numa pessoa com deglutição comprometida. Método: Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, tipo estudo de caso. Centra-se na aplicação do Processo de Enfermagem, respeitando a linguagem CIPE®, e recorre ao Padrão Documental dos Cuidados da Especialidade de Enfermagem de Reabilitação para a fundamentação da intervenções implementadas. Expõe-se o caso de uma pessoa com deglutição comprometida, de etiologia neurológica, admitida numa Unidade de Internamento de um Centro Hospitalar, sendo assegurados os principios éticos na sua abordagem. Resultados: Não foram evidenciadas complicações na implementação do programa e observou-se a recuperação completa da função deglutição, após dez sessões de treino. Conclusões: A sistematização dos cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação revelou-se eficaz para reverter a alteração observada e concorreu para incrementar a autonomia da pessoa.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To identify the sensible gains for rehabilitation nursing care with a swallow optimization program in a person with compromised swallowing. Methods: Qualitative study, type of case study. It focuses on the application of the Nursing Process, respecting the CIPE® language, and uses the Documentary Pattern of Care of the Rehabilitation Nursing Specialty for the substantiation of the implemented interventions. We present the case of a person with compromised swallowing, of neurological etiology, admitted to a Hospital Center inpatient unit, assuring the ethical principles in their approach. Results: There was no evidence of complications in the implementation of the program and complete recovery of the swallowing function was observed after ten training sessions. Conclusion: The systematization of rehabilitation nursing care proved to be effective in reversing the observed change and contributed to increase the person’s autonomy

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the most frequent surgical techniques of high-risk colorectal anastomoses in rats. Methods: Wistar rats were enrolled in three different models comprising inflammatory (TNBS enema), vascular (portal vein occlusion) or obstructive (a non-ischemic constricting ring) mechanisms associated with colonic anastomosis that had accomplished after these former lesions. Histological analyses (Hematoxylin and eosin and Picrosirius red) were performed. Results: All anastomoses techniques were associated with risk factors and had complications, mainly anastomotic leakage. In Study 1, the use of a pharmacological agent, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) mimicked an inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn’s disease with 50% of anastomosis leakage, the higher percentage among all models tested. In Study 2, after portal ischemia followed by reperfusion it was observed a dense neutrophil infiltrate in the midst of necrotic tissue and fibrin at the anastomotic site and 5 days after the anastomosis, no collagen was produced. In Study 3, 5 days after the mechanical obstruction some denuded areas of epithelium with marked oedema of mucosa and submucosa were seen, at the anastomotic site and anastomosis group showed some reduction of collagen density when compared with Control/Sham group. Conclusion: All the experimental surgical techniques tested in rats were associated with high-risk colorectal anastomoses and were useful to study colonic anastomotic healing and intestinal leakage.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate a novel and adapted low-cost set model for laparoscopic surgery in rats. Methods: Nine Wistar rats underwent two different laparoscopic procedures, splenectomy (n=3) and distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy (n = 6), after assembling a low-cost set replacing the conventional one (monitor, micro camera, image processor, light source, laparoscope and insufflator). The new set included an Android Tablet 10.5 ", a 5mm USB Endoscope and semiautomatic sphygmomanometer monitor. Results: The same surgeon performed the laparoscopic procedures. Total surgical time ranged from 36 to 60 minutes with a mean of 45.8 minutes. Three rats died during the distal pancreatic and splenectomy procedure (33.3%), due to respiratory failure (n = 1), uncontrolled abdominal hemorrhage (n=1) and iatrogenic gastric perforation (n = 1). We followed the other six rats (66.6%) for seven days with no further evidence of complications. Conclusions: The laparoscopic partial pancreatectomy and splenectomy can be performed with the novel low-cost set assembled in the present experimental study. Both specific training and skills development are required to validate more advanced laparoscopic procedures and achieve a desirable outcome.

RESUMO O questionário de esquemas iniciais desadaptativos de Young (YSQ-S3) é usado para se entender aspectos psicológicos. Objetivo: Os EIDs foram avaliados em pacientes com migrânea. Métodos: Sessenta e cinco indivíduos foram avaliados utilizando YSQ-S3 sob condições padrão em uma sala com ar condicionado a 22 ± 2°C. Os sujeitos foram estratificados pela morbidade (migrânea), por gênero (masculino/feminino) e por idade (18-29 / 30-39 / 40-55). Controle (sem migrânea), n = 27 e com migrânea, n = 38, homens (n = 19) e mulheres (n = 46); indivíduos com idade entre 18 a 29 anos, n = 34, entre 30-39 anos, n = 14 e entre 40-55 anos, n = 17. Os dados foram analisados usando o teste do qui-quadrado, com valores p <0,05. Os resultados foram expressos em porcentagens em tabelas de contingência. Resultados: Houve associação significativa entre migrânea e gênero feminino (84,21%; p-valor <0,05, Tabela 1), entre hipervigilância e inibição, e padrões excessivamente rígidos (56,52%; p-valor <0,0,014, Tabela 2) e gênero feminino com migrânea. Além disso, houve associação significativa entre hipervigilância e inibição, e padrões excessivamente rígidos (73,68%; p-valor <0,0001) e autopunição (84,21%; p-valor <0,0001) em pacientes com migrânea de ambos os gêneros (Tabela 3). Conclusão: Os indivíduos com migrânea têm um perfil psicológico de serem excessivamente exigentes consigo e com os outros e de se autopunirem, sendo isso mais frequente em mulheres.

ABSTRACT Young's early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (YSQ-S3) is used to understand psychological aspects. Objective: EMSs were evaluated in patients with migraine. Methods: Sixty-five subjects were evaluated using the YSQ-S3 under standard conditions in a room with air conditioning at 22 ± 2°C. The subjects were stratified by morbidity (migraine), gender (male/female) and age (18-29 / 30-39 / 40-55). Controls (without migraine), n = 27 and patients (with migraine), n = 38, men (n = 19) and women (n = 46); participants aged 18-29 years, n = 34, aged 30-39 years, n = 14 and aged 40-55 years, n = 17. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, with p-values <0.05. Results were expressed as percentages in contingency tables. Results: There was a significant association between migraine and female gender (84.21%; p-value <0.05, Table 1), between hypervigilance and inhibition, and unrelenting standards (56.52%; p-value <0.0.014, Table 2) and female gender with migraine. Moreover, there was a significant association between hypervigilance and inhibition, and unrelenting standards (73.68%; p-value <0.0001) and self-punishment (84.21%; p-value <0.0001) in patients with migraine of both genders (Table 3). Conclusion: The individuals with migraine had a psychological profile of being overly demanding with themselves and others and self-punishing, where this was more frequent in women.

RESUMO A compactação do solo é uma das principais limitações impostas ao desenvolvimento do sistema radicular da cana-de-açúcar, promovendo a redução da capacidade de absorção de água e nutrientes pela planta. Neste contexto, objetivou-se identificar regiões no campo com diferentes níveis de compactação, de modo a permitir a adoção de manejo localizado. O trabalho foi realizado na Usina Vale Verde, em Baía Formosa-RN, Brasil, onde a resistência do solo à penetração (RSP) foi avaliada em área de 113,59 ha, dividida em 12 talhões cultivados com cana-de-açúcar, onde foram locados 113 pontos georeferenciados. As determinações foram feitas nas camadas de 0-10, 11-20, 21-30 e 31-40 cm de profundidade, utilizando-se penetrômetro com sistema automático de medição. Foram utilizadas ferramentas de geoestatística para avaliar a dependência espacial das variáveis e confeccionar, por meio da interpolação por krigagem, mapas de isovalores da RSP. As figuras de isovalores localizam no campo áreas com diferentes níveis de compactação do solo. A descompactação do solo pode ser evitada em 18,80% da área total, principalmente nos talhões 45 e 48. Nas áreas que necessitam descompactação, esta deve ser realizada a profundidade maior do que 40 cm.

ABSTRACT Soil compaction is one of the main constraints imposed to growth of sugar cane root system, with consequences as reduction on plant ability to absorb water and nutrients. In this context, this study had as objective to identify regions in the field with different compaction levels, allowing the adoption of site specific management. The work was carried out at the Green Valley Sugarcane Mill, in Baía Formosa, RN, Brazil. Soil penetration resistance (RSP) was used as indicative parameter of soil compaction, and was assessed in an area of 113.59 ha, divided in 12 sugarcane fields, where 113 georeferenced points were located. Determinations were made in the 0-10, 11-20, 21-30 and 31-40 cm depths, by means of a soil penetrometer with automatic data acquisition system. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and geostatistical tools, which were used for evaluating spatial dependence of variables and draw contour maps, after kriging interpolation. Contour maps show regions in the area with different soil compaction levels. Subsoiling may be avoided in 18.80% of the total area, mainly in the fields 45 and 48. In other regions subsoiling must be performed deeper than 40 cm.

ABSTRACT Clinical and laboratory diagnosis and treatment of central precocious puberty (CPP) remain challenging due to lack of standardization. The aim of this revision was to address the diagnostic and therapeutic features of CPP in Brazil based on relevant international literature and availability of the existing therapies in the country. The diagnosis of CPP is based mainly on clinical and biochemical parameters, and a period of follow-up is desirable to define the “progressive” form of sexual precocity. This occurs due to the broad spectrum of pubertal development, including isolated premature thelarche, constitutional growth and puberty acceleration, progressive and nonprogressive CPP, and early puberty. Measurement of basal and stimulated LH levels remains challenging, considering that the levels are not always in the pubertal range at baseline, short-acting GnRH is not readily available in Brazil, and the cutoff values differ according to the laboratory assay. When CPP is suspected but basal LH values are at prepubertal range, a stimulation test with short-acting or long-acting monthly GnRH is a diagnostic option. In Brazil, the treatment of choice for progressive CPP and early puberty is a long-acting GnRH analog (GnRHa) administered once a month or every 3 months. In Brazil, formulations of GnRHa (leuprorelin and triptorelin) are available and commonly administered, including 1-month depot leuprorelin 3.75 mg and 7.5 mg, 1-month depot triptorelin 3.75 mg, and 3-month depot leuprorelin 11.25 mg. Monthly or 3-month depot GnRHa are effective and safe to treat CPP. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2016;60(2):163-72

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do sombreamento e de métodos de propagação na morfoanatomia foliar e no estabelecimento de cupuaçuzeiros. O experimento foi realizado a campo, em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições de 10 plantas cada. Para análise de crescimento, utilizou-se do esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas (cinco épocas – parcela; três níveis de sombreamento – subparcela, e quatro métodos de propagação – subsubparcela). Para a avaliação da biometria das plantas, utilizou-se do esquema de parcela subdivida com os sombreamentos na parcela e os métodos de propagação nas subparcelas; e para as análises morfoanatômicas, considerou-se a casualização do sombreamento nos blocos. As análises de crescimento foram realizadas a cada 90 dias; e as morfoanatômicas, aos 15 meses após o plantio. A espessura do parênquima esponjoso foi maior nas folhas sombreadas por tela de 50%, as outras características morfoanatômicas não sofreram influência significativa dos níveis de sombreamento. As mudas com desenvolvimento inicial em viveiro atingiram maior taxa de crescimento relativo e absoluto. As maiores taxas de crescimento relativo e absoluto foram obtidas em cultivo sob tela de 50% de sombreamento, seguido pelo consórcio (45% de sombreamento). Os piores desempenhos em todas as características avaliadas foram observados em plantas cultivadas a pleno sol.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of shadowing and propagation methods in morphoanatomy and establishing cupuassu. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications of 10 plants each. For growth analysis was used to plot sub - divided (five times - plot, three levels of shading - subplot and four methods of propagation - sub - subplots). For evaluation of biometrics plant was used scheme subdivides plot with shading in the plot and subplots propagation methods; and the analysis morphoanatomic considered the randomization in blocks of shading. Analyses of growth were performed every 90 days and morphoanatomical at 15 months after planting. The thickness of the spongy parenchyma was higher in shaded leaves by 50 % screen; other features morphoanatomic suffered no significant influence of shading levels. Seedlings with initial development in nurseries reached higher relative growth rate and absolute. The highest relative growth rates and absolute were obtained in culture under 50 % screen, followed by the consortium (45 %). The worst performers in all traits were observed in plants grown in full sun.

Introduction: The α-lipoic acid (ALA) has been used as a treatment to reduce oxidative damage in Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH), but there are no in vivo studies reporting the effect of its mechanism of action on iron metabolism. Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant effect of α-lipoic acid on Blood cell count (CBC) and iron metabolism in hypertensive subjects with or without anemia. Method: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The sample consisted of 60 hypertensive patients that were randomly divided into treatment group (n = 32), receiving 600 mg / day of ALA for twelve weeks and control group (n = 28), receiving placebo for the same period. Blood cell count, serum iron, ferritin, Latent Iron-Binding Capacity (LIBC), Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC), Transferrin Saturation Index (TSI) and transferrin were assessed before and after intervention. To assess changes between groups, the Student t-test and ANOVA were used, adopting a significance level of 5%. Results: After intervention, ALA supplementation showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) association with the reduction of total leukocytes, increase in the number of neutrophils and reductions in the serum levels of iron and TSI. Conclusion: Oral administration of ALA as a therapeutic adjuvant changes the hematologic response of white blood cells and reduces the absorption of iron. It is observed that the mechanism of metals chelation by lipoic acid may be responsible for these changes and, consequently, could trigger a condition of iron deficiency anemia in hypertensive individuals.

Introducción: El Ácido α-Lipóico (ALA) ha sido utilizado como recurso terapéutico para reducir daño oxidativo en la Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica (HAS), pero aún no existen estudios in vivo que reporten sobre su mecanismo de acción en el metabolismo del hierro. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto antioxidante del ácido Alfa-Lipóico sobre el hemograma y metabolismo del hierro en individuos hipertensos con o sin anemia. Métodos: Estudio clínico doble-ciego, randomizado y controlado con placebo. La muestra fue constituida por 60 individuos hipertensos, distribuidos aleatoriamente en grupo tratamiento (n = 32), que recibió 600 mg/día del ALA por doce semanas y grupo control (n = 28), que recibió el placebo por el mismo período. Fueron analizados antes y después de la intervención, los parámetros del hemograma, Hierro Sérico, Ferritina, Capacidad Latente de Enlace del hierro, Capacidad Total de Enlace del Hierro, Índice de Saturación de la Transferrina (ISI) y Transferrina. Para evaluar las alteraciones entre los grupos, se utilizó el teste t de Student y el análisis de varianza ANOVA, adoptándose el nivel de significación de 5%. Resultados: Después de la intervención, el suplemento con el ALA demostró una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05) con la reducción de los leucocitos totales, aumento del número de neutrófilos y reducciones en los niveles de Hierro Sérico e ISI. Conclusión: La administración oral del ALA como un adyuvante terapéutico, altera la respuesta hematológica del leucograma y reduce la absorción del hierro. Cabe señalar que el mecanismo de quelación de metales por el ácido lipoico puede ser responsable de estos cambios y, en consecuencia, podría desencadenar una condición de anemia ferropénica en individuos hipertensos.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a etiologia, no primeiro atendimento, dos casos de hipotireoidismo congênito primário (HCP) identificados pelo Programa de Triagem Neonatal de Santa Catarina entre julho de 2007 e junho de 2009. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo com 45 pacientes com HCP confirmado. Para o diagnóstico etiológico, eram realizados na primeira consulta: anamnese, exames físico e complementares (TSH, tiroxina livre, tireoglobulina, idade óssea, ultrassonografia de tireoide). RESULTADOS: Estabeleceu-se o diagnóstico etiológico na primeira consulta em 53,33%. Disgenesia representou 51,11%, sendo 20% hipoplasia, 13,3% atireose e 17,7% ectopia; e 2,2% foram diagnosticados com disormoniogênese. Hérnia umbilical foi o sinal mais prevalente (48,89%) e 20% não apresentaram manifestação clínica. Aqueles com disgenesia apresentaram diferença significativa (p < 0,05) pela via de parto cesária, idade óssea atrasada e TSH sérico muito elevado. CONCLUSÕES: A abordagem diagnóstica realizada no primeiro atendimento determina a etiologia do HCP em 53,3% dos casos. A metade dos pacientes apresenta disgenesia tireoidiana. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(9):627-32

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the etiology of primary congenital hypothyroidism (PCH) identified in the Newborn Screening Program from the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from July 2007 to June 2009 in the first visit. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 45 patients with PCH. For the etiological diagnosis, history, physical examination, and additional tests (TSH, free thyroxine, thyroglobulin, bone age assessment, thyroid ultrasound) were carried out in the first visit. RESULTS: The etiology was established in the first visit in 53.3% of cases. Thyroid dysgenesis represented 51.11% of the cases, from which 20% showed hypoplastic thyroid, 13.3% showed athyreosis, and 17.7% showed ectopic glands; 2.2% were diagnosed with dyshormonogenesis. Umbilical hernia was the most prevalent sign (48.89%) and 20% had no clinical manifestations. Patients with dysgenesis showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in terms of cesarean section delivery, delayed bone age, and very high serum TSH. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic approach used at first visit for PCH patients may determine the etiology in 53.3% of cases. Half of patients had thyroid dysgenesis. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(9):627-32

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as concentrações séricas de proteínas em bezerros inoculados experimentalmente com Salmonella Dublin. Foram examinados 12 bezerros sadios da raça Holandesa com 10 a 15 dias de idade, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, controle e infectado experimentalmente com 10(8) UFC de Salmonella Dublin. As amostras de sangue foram colhidas minutos antes e 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 e 168 horas após a inoculação. As concentrações séricas das proteínas ceruloplasmina (125.000 Da), haptoglobina (45.000 Da), glicoproteína ácida (40.000 Da) e proteína de peso molecular de 34.000 Da foram significativamente maiores nos bezerros infectados do que nos do grupo controle. Portanto, o estudo mostrou que a infecção por S. Dublin pode elevar a concentração de certas proteínas séricas em bezerros.

The aim of this study was to evaluate serum protein concentrations in calves experimentally inoculated with Salmonella Dublin. Twelve healthy 10 to 15-day-old Holstein calves were randomly allotted into two groups, control and infected with 10(8) CFU of Salmonella Dublin orally. The calves were subjected to physical evaluation and blood samples were collected shortly before administration of the bacteria and also 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 168 hours post-infection. The concentration of serum proteins was determined through sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Thirty serum proteins ranging from molecular weight of 24,000 Da to molecular weight of 236,000 Da were detected. Serum concentrations of ceruloplasmin (125,000 Da), haptoglobin (45,000 Da), acid glycoprotein (40,000 Da) and a 34,000 Da protein were significantly increased in the experimentally infected calves, when compared with their concentrations in the control animals. Therefore, this study showed that S. Dublin infection could lead to the increase of certain serum proteins in calves.

A otimização dos processos e os melhoramentos contínuos dependem, em sua grande maioria, da gestão desenvolvida em relação ao reconhecimento, verificação e mensuração dos custos desprendidos e gerados através dos fatores de produção, para obtenção do produto final. O objetivo principal deste artigo é verificar a ocorrência de custos ocultos no processo da prestação de serviços, numa sociedade de economia mista com controle estatal do Estado da Paraíba. A verificação dos custos ocultos ocorridos na entidade foi efetuada, principalmente, em relação aos disfuncionamentos organizacionais mais frequentes do tipo: espera, movimentação inútil, sobressalários, sobreconsumo, retrabalho, acidente de trabalho, absenteísmo, ociosidade e litígios. Essa verificação constou de questionamentos junto aos operadores dos postos de trabalho, por meio de questionários semiestruturados, bem como a observação in loco no desenvolvimento de suas funções. Pretende-se chamar a atenção para a existência de custos ocultos não contabilizados pelos sistemas tradicionais de custeamento, bem como para sua intangibilidade não reconhecida pelos diversos modelos de métricas da produtividade, a exemplo do Modelo Soniano (SON, 1991). A abordagem utilizada em custos ocultos neste artigo foi realizada com base na fundamentação teórica desenvolvida por Savall e Zardet (1991). Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram para a ocorrência de custos ocultos originados, principalmente, em razão de disfuncionamentos ligados ao retrabalho, esperas, alta rotação de pessoal e stress. Ficou evidenciado ainda que, dos custos ocultos mais frequentes observados na sociedade de economia mista, os que contribuem mais fortemente para o não funcionamento adequado da organização são os retrabalhos e as esperas, verificados em quase todos os setores.

Optimization and the continuous improvement of processes are highly dependent on the management of actions related to identification, checking, and measurement of the costs generated during the production of the final product. The main objective of this article is to verify the occurrence of hidden costs of services rendered by a public company controlled by the Paraiba State government in Brazil. The occurrence of hidden costs incurred by this corporation was verified in terms of the most common organizational malfunctioning such as: waiting time, useless motion, overpay, overconsumption, rework, occupational accidents, absenteeism, idleness, and litigations. This study was based on semi-structured interviews conducted with workstation operators and in loco observation of workers' activities. It is important to highlight the occurrence of hidden costs that are not accounted by the traditional cost systems and their intangibility, which is not recognized by productivity measurement models, for example, the Soniano Model (SON, 1991). The approach to investigate hidden costs used in this study was based on the theoretical foundation developed by Savall and Zardet (1991). The research results indicated the occurrence of hidden costs, mainly derived from malfunctioning related to rework, waiting time, high staff turnover, and stress. In addition, it was verified that among the most common hidden costs observed, rework, and waiting time, identified in virtually all sectors, are the ones that affect the most the proper functioning of the organization.

OBJETIVO: Descrever uma técnica cirúrgica em coelhos para avaliação de enxertos ósseos. MÉTODOS: A técnica operatória consiste numa incisão na topografia da comissura labial até o ultimo molar. Uma incisão de 1cm no rebordo para expor o osso alveolar e a região cervical dos molares. Realizou-se a exodontia com fórceps e o alvéolo é preenchido com hidroxiapatita. Após o tempo de cicatrização é realizada a avaliação histológica. RESULTADOS: A análise histológica mostrou o novo osso formado rodeando biomaterial. CONCLUSÃO: O modelo cirúrgico para avaliação de enxertos ósseos utilizando molares de coelhos se mostrou factível.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe an experimental surgical technique to be used in the evaluation of bone grafts in rabbits. METHODS: The operative technique was performed in jaws, with external approach from the labial commissure to the last molar tooth. An incision about 1cm extended forward to the alveolar ridge, followed by a exposing the cervical region of the alveolar bone and dental elements was done. Thus, after extraction of first molar with forceps, the tooth socket left was filled with hydroxyapatite. The bone gain was analyzed by histopathological studies. RESULTS: The histological analyses indicated formed bone surrounding the biomaterial. CONCLUSION: The experimental model using the tooth socket of the rabbit molar is a feasible procedure for studies of bone grafts.